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sports · 1919 to 1921
The Black Sox Scandal: A Conspiracy With No Enforceable Contract
Eight Chicago White Sox players agreed to lose the 1919 World Series for gambling money. The fix nearly unraveled anyway, because a conspiracy nobody can take to court is a promise nobody has to keep.
Facts drawn from Encyclopaedia Britannica, the Society for American Baseball Research, and the National Baseball Hall of Fame; interpretive framing is labeled as modeled analysis.
The heavily favored Chicago White Sox lost the 1919 World Series to the Cincinnati Reds five games to three, in a best-of-nine format, amid persistent rumors that something was wrong with the way the favorites were playing.
[VERIFIED] Eight White Sox players, later known as the Black Sox, were accused of conspiring with gamblers to intentionally lose games in exchange for payment. [MODELED] The gamblers reportedly promised the group roughly 100,000 dollars in total, though the amounts actually paid to individual players were often smaller and less reliable than promised, according to historical accounts of the scandal.
Sources
[VERIFIED] The 1919 World Series result and the accusation that eight players conspired with gamblers to lose Encyclopaedia Britannica, Black Sox Scandal
[VERIFIED] The 1921 criminal trial, acquittal, and Commissioner Landis's lifetime ban Society for American Baseball Research, Black Sox Scandal biography project
[VERIFIED] The scandal's role in creating baseball's commissioner office National Baseball Hall of Fame, Black Sox Scandal